Baking Homemade Brownies

Baking homemade brownies is one of life's sweetest delights. The smell of the brownies baking in the oven never fails to attract every family member to the kitchen to await the finished treat. When they are finally done it doesn't take but a few seconds for them to disappear, having been devoured by everyone who could get a hold of one.

The only hard part of preparing brownies is the preparation and the cleanup afterward. It takes longer to prepare and bake brownies than it does for them to be eaten, especially if they come out delicious. For this very reason many people prefer to buy brownies from the store and miss out on the deliciousness of home-made brownies. Following these simple tips ensures that you will have delicious brownies that the whole family can enjoy with little or no hassle.

1. Don't over mix when preparing the batter and if possible mix the batter by hand. This will ensure that the brownie does not come out bland or too dry.

2. Spay the bottom of the pan with non-stick cooking spray, making sure to cover the surface evenly. You can also dust the pan lightly with cocoa powder. Using cocoa powder ensures that you won't have white residue on your brownies as you would if you were to use flour.

3. Follow the recipe instructions carefully especially the temperature and cooking time instructions. To test if the brownies are done stick a toothpick into the brownies. If they come out clean it means that the brownies are done.

4. If you want to keep the brownies from over-drying you can wrap them with plastic wrap and put them in a zip bag for added protection.

As a final tip: enjoy your brownies with your whole family, give them as gifts, share them with your co-workers, and don't forget to make plenty for everyone.

Learning And Communicative Strategies

Learning and communicative strategies

Introduction

Communicative strategies are systematic techniques employed by a speaker to express his meaning when faced with some difficulty and the difficulty here refers to the speaker's inadequate command of the language used in the interaction (Faerch & Kasper, 1983:16). On the other hand, the term learning strategies has been defined as "the higher-order skills which control and regulate the more task-specific or more practical skills" (Nisbet & Shucksmith,1986:26). Based on the previously mentioned definitions, it could be said that learning and communicative strategies refer to language learning behaviors that contribute directly or indirectly to learning. I am not very concerned here with the definition of the two terms as much as I am concerned with the fact that most if not all non-native speakers and second-language learners use these strategies throughout their second/foreign language learning journey. They tend to use them to compensate for their lack of sufficient language knowledge and to get themselves out of troubles when interacting in the target second/foreign language. These are only some of the short term benefits of using learning and communicative strategies. In fact, the successful use of these strategies can promote longer term language development.

In the first part of this paper, I will provide examples on some of the commonly used strategies and at the same time, I will focus on the ways in which these strategies promote the language learning process and the development of the learner's speaking skill. I will also highlight the short and long tem benefits of using both learning and communicative strategies in learning and developing speaking skill. In the second part of the paper, I will show how the knowledge of learning and communicative strategies has influenced me to change my old style of teaching the speaking, and how it has encouraged me to adopt a set of new methods of teaching that make utmost use of these strategies. Finally, I will give examples on some of the speaking activities that are based, in some ways, on these strategies, and are designed to promote and develop the learner's speaking skill.

Part One:

Teaching writing skill has been given the priority over teaching speaking skill in almost all educational syllabus and plans and the case in my country, Oman, is no exception. Writing skill has been considered the most important especially in the area of second/foreign language teaching. On the other hand, speaking skill has neither been given sufficient focus in our teaching syllabi nor has it been represented fairly in our classrooms as opposed to the other skills. In my context, most people in general and educationalists in particular, seem to have taken this skill for granted; maybe because they think it is an easy one and that almost everyone can speak. Speaking is, however, a skill which deserves much more attention in both first and second language. I have chosen to write about this skill because I know very well how important it is as a means of communication especially, for second/foreign language learners. Throughout my teaching of English as a foreign language, I noticed that speaking was the area of weakness for the majority of my students. On the part of teachers, not so much time was devoted to teach this skill, and on the part of the curriculum designers, not so much effort was exerted to promote the development of this skill. Consequently, speaking was regarded by the students as an obstacle in the way of learning English rather than as an important skill. In the following sections, I will attempt to show how this problem can be addressed by the use of some strategies.

1/ Examples on some learning and communicative strategies used by ESL and EFL students

So many studies and research have been conducted in both areas learning strategies and communicative strategies, and many researchers and linguists have been involved. Consequently, different definitions and classifications of strategies have been stated. However here, I will focus on the classification of communicative strategies suggested by Faerch and Kasper (1983), and on the classification of learning strategies suggested by Wenden and Rubin (1987). I will also show how each set of strategies are used by ESL and EFL learners. I have chosen the previous classifications because they confirm with the knowledge of strategies I acquired throughout my teaching experience.

Faerch and Kasper suggest that communicative strategies are classified into two categories each of which is classified or comprised of other subcategories. The first category is avoidance behavior and this consists of formal reduction and functional reduction strategies. Formal reduction strategies could be phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical strategies. Learners tend to use formal reduction strategies either to avoid making errors and/or they want to increase their fluency (Faerch& Kasper 1983: 40). On the other hand, functional reduction strategies include reduction of speech act and reduction of propositional context and these two are used by learners to reduce their communicative goals in order to avoid problems in interactions (ibid: 43). Achievement strategies are also called compensatory strategies and they consist of code switching, inter/intralingual, cooperative and non-linguistic strategies. These strategies are used by learners to expand their communicative resources in interactions (ibid:45). The following figure has been designed based on what was mentioned above:

Wenden and Rubin classified learning strategies into cognitive strategies and metacognitive strategies. Cognitive strategies are used by learners when they deal with steps, operations, or problem-solving that require direct analysis, transformation, or synthesis of learning materials (Wenden & Rubin,1987:23) and these strategies include clarification/verification, guessing/inductive inferencing, deductive reasoning, practice, memorizing and monitoring. On the other hand, metacognitive strategies are used when the learner deals with knowledge about cognitive process and regulation of cognition. These strategies consist of choosing, prioritizing, self-management, advance preparation, advance organization, directed attention, selected attention and delayed production. The following figure has been designed based on the information mentioned above:

2/ The short term benefits of training learners on the use of learning and communicative Strategies

Research and theory in second language learning strongly suggest that good language learners use a variety of strategies to assist them in gaining command over new language skills. In her study of five Chicano students who were learning English, Wong-Fillmore as quoted in Wenden & Rubin, (1987:27), identified some learning strategies used by successful language learners. Wong-Fillmore found that by using a few well chosen strategies, learners could continue to participate in speaking activities (ibid: 21). Moreover, O'Malley (1983), reports on an experiment in which students received training on the use of learning strategies with three language tasks; vocabulary, listening skill and speaking. His major conclusion was that strategy training was effective for listening and speaking, but not for vocabulary.

One of the major short term benefits of the use of learning strategies is the fact that they help learners to compensate for their lack of adequate language knowledge. Bygate (1987), states that the use of these strategies can bridge the gab between knowledge of the rules and the students' ability to express their own meaning. In other words, these strategies help learners to practice using acceptable language with reasonable fluency and reasonable ability to convey meanings and express opinions. On that basis, it could be inferred that training learners on using these strategies would help them a lot in their language learning. Language learners will not be hesitant or afraid of being involved in an interaction where they do not have sufficient language knowledge for it. Bygate adds that being trained to use learning strategies helps the learner to succeed in autonomous interaction. According to this, using such strategies in learning represents a transitional process where control of learning is moved from teacher to learners, leaving the learner with responsibility for his own thinking and learning. In addition, Wenden& Rubin (1987), mention that learning strategies help learners to better utilize the experience they bring to their language class. As a result, learners grow appreciation of their power ability and become critically reflective of the conceptual context of their learning.

The efficiency of communicative strategies training in learning languages has been proved in so many occasions. For instance, Spilka (as cited in Faerch & Kasper 1983:10), points that some trained French learners tend to use specific phrases in order to avoid liaison in French; to avoid French partitive en, the learners may produce the specified form J'ai trios pommes, rather than J'en ai trios. So, the French learners are making use of the avoidance strategy which is one of the communicative strategies. In another occasion, Kasper (1983:43), gave some examples of how trained German learners of English reduce their IL performance with respect to politeness making. Moreover, Faerch (1983:43), gave other examples of speech act reduction, in which learners in conversation with native speakers often do not use initiating acts (reduction strategy). Based on all that has been mentioned, we could say that strategies be they learning or communicative ones, are important for language learning for they are tools for active, self-directed involvement, which is essential for developing communicative competence. I shall now move to discuss the long term benefits of the use of learning strategies.

3/ The long term benefits of training language learners on the use of learning and communicative strategies

As we have seen previously, there are so many short benefits for training learners on using learning and communicative strategies. Likewise, there are other long term benefits for strategy training as well. Faerch and Kasper (1986:189), report the findings of a study where an attempt was made to train learners to use interaction strategies (some of the communicative strategies). They were Danish learners of English and the training for strategy use lasted for three months. The findings were that:

a) Middle proficiency level learners made considerable progress in using interaction strategies.

b) Low and high proficiency learners made less progress.

g) The general attitude in the class towards errors and towards risk-taking had changed. More learners accepted the need to make an attempt even if they did not get the right answer.

Based on the findings of this study, we could say that training learners to use communicative strategies raises their confidence and encourages them to participate in different communicative interactions even when they don't have enough language for it (e.g. when they don't have the answer for a question). In another study, Knowles (1975), finds that training learners to use these strategies helps them to develop the attitude that language is a lifelong process and to acquire the skills of self-directed learning. Most importantly, he points out that communicative strategies help learners to be equipped with the skills necessary to continue learning on their own when they leave formal education experience.

Many other studies have been carried out by different researchers and the long term benefits of communicative and learning strategies training have been proved. For instance, O'Malley and Chamot (1990) looked at learning strategies used both by ESL and EFL students and they found that training students to use these strategies helped them become more aware of the whole process of learning a second language. Based on the findings of one of their studies, Wenden & Rubin (1987), state that training learners to use learning strategies helps learners to better utilize the experience they bring to their language class and help them as well, to become critically reflective of the conceptual context of their learning.

Part Two:

1/ The influence of learning strategies on my teaching style of speaking

I have previously mentioned that speaking is an undervalued skill in Oman. All focus and emphasis are placed on the other skills as if the speaking skill does not exist or as if acquiring it has been taken for granted. Out of my own experience as an English teacher, I have noticed that the Omani students' biggest difficulty when learning English falls in the area of speaking. As teachers, we have not been working so much on this skill due to the fact that there are no formal speaking tests in the whole low-intermediate, intermediate and high-intermediate levels of teaching English in most of the academic institutions in Oman in general and in the Language Centre at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in particular. We were basically preparing our students to be able to pass the final test which normally contained listening, reading and writing only. Personally, I used to rely on specific activities in my speaking classes and these activities were not always suitable for my students' levels of English. However, since it was "the speaking skill", I did not bother to search for more activities or even try to design a simple syllabus for teaching it.

Having read about learning and communicative strategies and having known about their crucial role in promoting and developing the learning process in general and the verbal interaction skills in particular, I have decided to adopt a new teaching approach that makes full use of these strategies. I have realized that the new teaching capacities should include identifying students' learning and communicative strategies, conducting training on these strategies, and helping learners become more independent. That is because when students take more responsibility in the speaking activities, more learning occurs, and both teachers and learners feel more successful and satisfied. Teachers including me, (especially when teaching speaking) should attempt to discover what strategies their students are already using by interviewing them or questioning them about the strategies employed for specific language learning tasks (Wenden & Rubing, 1987). And then, they could direct them to utilise learning and communicative strategies for a variety of speaking activities. Metacognitive strategies such as self-management and self-monitoring can be practised in communicative situations in which the learner wishes to gain the maximum amount of comprehensible speech from others (ibid). Moreover, teachers can provide students with practice in useful strategies for the negotiation of conversational encounter outside of class. They can also suggest alternative strategies for organising and storing information and they can encourage students to consider which strategies work best for them. O'Malley and Chamot (as quoted in Macdonough,1995:122) summarise what has been previously mentioned by stating that the Cognitive Academic Learning Language Approach consists of five phases:

1/ Preparation: develop student awareness of different strategies.

2/ Presentation: develop student knowledge about strategies.

3/ Practice: develop student skills in using strategies for academic learning.

4/ Evaluation: develop student ability to evaluate their own strategy use.

5/ Expansion: develop transfer of strategies to new tasks.

According to these phases, teachers should go through several steps while teaching speaking tasks in order to make sure that students would get benefits from them and would develop their speaking skill. We should base our explanation of the tasks as well as our instructions on the students' communicative and learning strategies, and we should try focus our activities on developing these strategies. Furthermore, we could provide students with various activities that would enable them to use their strategies in new speaking tasks and to evaluate their use of these strategies.

Macaro (2001:176) gave another way of training students on using and developing their strategies. The following figure shows the sequence of steps that are to be followed by teachers in order to best utilise their students' learning and communicative strategies while teaching English skills in general and speaking in particular.

Another important aspect every teacher should take into account is materials and syllabus design. In Oman, both syllabus and curriculum design are prescribed by the Ministry of Education (for schools), or the Ministry of Higher Education for some colleges and universities. Teachers have an almost passive role in that process. On the other hand, researchers and educational inspectors play the major role and impose their ideas and opinions which are not always in favor of the learning process, learning situations and students. Teachers are not allowed to innovate or create additional materials and they are severely penalized if they deviate from the prescribed curriculum. It is really a hard task for the teacher to change or at least modify this traditional curriculum but is not impossible. Teachers should attempt to change such curriculum gradually and they should have their role in the curriculum design task. They should be creative, eclectic and adaptive in terms of producing educational materials. Educational authorities on the other hand, should take into consideration that aspects of learning and communicative strategies are to be incorporated in each and every syllabus or curriculum. Finally, it really makes a great difference in teaching and learning if teachers bear in mind the fundamental knowledge of learning and communicative strategies while teaching.

2/New teaching approach and examples on some speaking activities

In Oman, most if not all the teaching approaches adopted by teachers seem to be teacher oriented. Teachers are doing all the work; they teach, explain, ask, provide answers and help students. The students' role is passive in one way or another; they are being spoon-fed throughout the academic year without being asked to contribute to their studying activities or even being taught how to do it. Being a teacher in that country, my teaching style was influenced to a great extent with the teaching methods used there. For instance, in my speaking class, I used to do all the talk, control activities, come up with ideas, and choose the suitable speaking tasks. I did not use to allow students to express their ideas and if I did, it would be to a very limited extent. Even when my students were giving a presentation or performing a dialogue, I used to interfere either by giving my own opinion or by correcting them every now and then. It is only now after knowing about learning and communicative strategies that I have realised the pressing need for some teaching strategies especially in the area of speaking. I have realised also that it is the turn of the students to do most of the talking in the speaking class, while the teacher's main function is to provide them with maximum amount of meaningful practice. In this section, I will attempt to give some examples on speaking activities and show how they are best taught taking into account the students' learning and communicative strategies.

a/ Dialogue and negotiation

Dialogue and negotiation present the language as directly in the contexts in which they are most commonly used, and permit the learners to practise it in the same way, thus establishing a firm link between language and situation (Byme, I976:2 I). My teaching of dialogue was a kind of memorisation task; I used to type the dialogues or negotiation task and give copies to the students. All that they had to do was to read them, memorise them and present them in front of the class. Taking the students' learning and communicative strategies into account, I should do some pre-speaking activities and prepare the learners in terms of vocabulary items and tenses that are going to be used throughout the dialogue/negotiation. This will direct their attention to the task and will help them operate their planning strategies so that they are ready to some extent to tackle the task. During the task, I would interfere where possible to provide the learners with suggestions and to give some alternatives. I would not focus so much on correcting their mistakes since I am concerned in the first place with developing their communicative abilities. I would rather compliment and praise the good performance in order to create a stimulus and motivation for the rest of the learners to improve their work. I guess this way would work well with my students since they are very afraid of making mistakes and they are easily motivated by praise, compliments and marks.

b/ Imaginary situation

I did not really make use of this task although it is very important in developing the students' ability to be involved in problem-solving tasks, to improvise, guess and brain storm. I was not really aware of it and of its role in promoting speaking skill. However now, after realising the importance of this task, I would try to prepare and design some imaginative tasks that are culturally appropriate and related to the learners' day to day life. For instance, I might ask them to imagine that there is a specific problem in their village (e.g. water is getting salty due to overuse) that needs to be solved and then, will ask them to come up with solutions and to try to talk about their own solutions in front of the class. Since the topic represents a very serious problem due to the scarcity of water sources in Oman, most of the students will be involved and will participate in the discussion. I might ask them to discuss it together in groups or I might ask individual students to talk about and justify their opinions. Of course, there are so many other exciting and relevant tasks (to the students' daily life activities) that could be made use of in order to hook the students' attention, sustain their interest in the subject and appeal to their needs and desires.

c/ Role-play and Narration

I taught this task before and I noticed that students liked very much especially when it is incorporated in a narrative task. I used to give my students a story and ask them to play the roles of the different characters; it was really very simple and fun. Actually, it was another way to train them to memorise some language phrases. If I am to do this task now, I would ask the students to compose their own story (in an attempt to focus on past tense for example), and then to act it out in front of their colleagues. I strongly think that this task would work very well with most of the students even the weak ones because they would be working in groups and they will have the chance to choose the role that they really like and that suits their linguistic ability. While performing this task, the learners will be practising speaking, prioritising and choosing their role, and memorising some language chunks. In other words, they will be practising the language and developing their learning and communicative skills.

Conclusion

The research evidence that has been mentioned throughout this paper proves to some extent the short and long term benefits of using strategies in learning second/foreign language. It also suggests that some learners are using more strategies more effectively than others. For this reason, teachers and researchers should work closely together to discover the role of motivation in learner strategy use (Macaro, 2001). It has also been shown that strategy training is effective in promoting a great predisposition towards language learning and a framework which enables the learner to take more responsibility for their learning in the immediate, medium and long term. In this regard, policy-makers should be closely involved in supporting teachers' effort by facilitating local and national programs of strategy training. They should not set up learning frameworks (curriculum, syllabus) which place obstacles in the way of teachers to adapt their teaching to the strategy­-related needs of their learners. They should rather allow teachers some freedom so that they can be creative in terms of designing tasks and activities that would appeal to their students because teachers are the ones who are in direct contact with the students and therefore, they should be the ones who know exactly what their students need. On the hand, teachers should bear in mind that the strategies which plan and evaluate learning and the strategies assumed by the learners who go out and make contact with language outside the classroom are the ones that teachers should increasingly tum their attention to (ibid).

Bibliography

Bygate, Martin.(1987). Speaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Faerch, Clans & Kasper, Gabriele.(1983). Strategies in Interlanguage Communication. London: Longnnan,

Byrne, Donn.(1976). Teaching Oral English. London: Longman

Faerch, G. and Kasper, G.(1986).Strategic competence in foreign language teachin. Aarhus University: Aarhus University Press.

Knowles, M.(1975).Self Directed Learning: A Guide for Learners and Teachers. Chicago: Association Press.

Macaro, Ernesto.(2001). Learning strategies in foreign and second language classroom. Great Britain: CPD, Ebbw Vale

Macdonough, Steven H.(1995). Strategy and Skill in Learning a Foreign Language. London: Edward Arnold, a division of Hodder Headline PLC.

Nisbet, John & Shucksmith, Janet.(1986).Learning Strategies. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Plc.

O'Malley, IM & Russ, R.P, et al.( 1983). A study of Learning Strategies for Acquiring Skills in Speaking and Understanding English Language. Rosslyn, Va: InterAmerica Research Associates.

O'Malley, J.M and Chamot, A.U.(1990).Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wenden, Anita & Rubin, Joan.(1987).Learner Strategies in Language Learning. Cambridge: Prentice Hall International.

Rivers, Wilga M. (1972). Speaking in Many Tongues, Essays in Foreign-language Teaching. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.

Wong-Fillmore, L.(1976).The Second Time Around. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University.

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After verification of the form the money gets sanctioned. The money gets shifted in to the bank account of the claimant.

Guidelines to Follow while Investing in the Fort Worth Real Estate

With the occurrence of the recent economic depression, the foreclosed properties have attained an immense popularity in the real estate markets of USA. Forth Worth, being the fifth-largest city of the state of Texas has also undergone through this situation. Fort Worth foreclosed homes for sale has received a radical transformation in the last few years. According to the researchers, the city has even experienced the highest foreclosure rates throughout the country.

The diminished prices have further provided an ideal opportunity for the buyers. Now, they can attain the utmost privileges of the real estate property at a much lesser price along with the government aid for getting loans. In addition, the City Council has further implemented a grant which caters with nearly 6.3 million dollars for all those people who want to buy the foreclosed properties. The regional banks have also taken firm initiatives and extend up to $20,000 of low interest loan for all sorts of down payments and home repairing costs.

Hence, the foreclosure properties would be an ideal choice for all those people who are extremely conscious regarding their budgets. The buyers would be further treated with a wide range of choices acclimatizing with their diversified needs and requirements. Whether you want the single family homes or the multiple ones, you can remain assured of enjoying the top notch privileges and amenities.

Most importantly, in order to gather necessary information on the same, you do not need to bear the hardship of traveling distant places. Now, just by sitting in front of your PC or laptop you would be able to observe innumerable websites, which proffer with foreclosure listings. While doing the same, you can even acquire a precise knowledge on the date and venue of the auctions which are going to take place. It is necessary, that you must choose the properties keeping in note of your requirements. It usually includes- location, price, traveling time and several other factors.

An individual can take the assistance of a lawyer to ensure the validity of the property and evaluating on its actual cost. You should even conduct a thorough survey-based research on the mere safety and ambience of the neighborhood prior to engage yourself in any kind of decisions.

Fort Worth can truly be denoted as one of the most prosperous and upcoming cities of the nation. The real estate markets of the city have always been the epicenter of attraction since ages. The city has also undergone some of the well-known projects, which chiefly include the twenty two storied Cassidy Tower.

The mere lifestyle of this city is simply exhilarating. The top notch healthcare, educational and cultural privileges have further instigated a large number of buyers to invest their hard earned money on the real estate property of this region. Fort Worth foreclosed homes for sale is one such noteworthy instance.

Factors to Keep in Mind While Opting Car Loans

Buying a car can be a serious investment, it could have been impossible for many if car loan had not been one option to aid in purchasing a car. Nowadays it is very convenient to get loans however still you would want to be careful while opting for a service provider. Opting for a used car loan can be beneficial to you only if you happen to go in for the right one. Before choosing a car loan there are few points you would like to have in your mind.

Assess if there are any penalties if you offer early repayment. There might be chances of your considering early payment, if possible always check if the penalty amount is very high.

Many times just a percentage of car loan or used car loan is provided and sometimes they might even provide 100% of car's value. You would have to check it out and accordingly see if what they are providing is beneficial for you. You can also check out if they would take applications from those who are self-employed incase you yourself are one. Few car loan dealers would not do that, therefore its better you make this one clear before choosing to take the loan.

Check if the loan is tied to purchase of a certain model or make of car. Evaluate if it has a specified dealership. Many times loan might be dependant upon the certain type of car, you would have to find out the same before opting for the loan. If the loan you have received is for a selected range of vehicles only, it might restrict your choice.

Check if you could take a payment holiday in other words, can you postpone the repayment by a month or so if you need it very badly. Many lenders offer this one, however it is not guaranteed and not all the money lenders give you this facility.

Evaluate the policy on the credit history problems. You can look for people who have had prior experience with the company. Checking for testimonials can help a lot as you get to know about one's personal experience with that company.

Different car loan providers have different interest rates; you would need to compare all of them in order to assess which one best suits you. Considering the points mentioned above should help you analyze the benefits they come with better. You can easily look online for such car loan or used car loan service providers as many good service providers also have their websites with comprehensive information about their services and products.

Faxless Payday Loans - Get Loans without Paperwork

Everybody today is in need of money and many a times are stuck without money and cannot wait till their next payday. They find themselves short of cash and at the same time are in need of financial help. Faxless payday loans are short term loans given to people who are in need of financial help and find it difficult to wait till their next pay check. These advances are required in times of emergencies and hence arrange for funds in least possible time. Faxing documents takes away a lot of time of the borrower as well as the lender. It is for this reason that the lender does not demand faxing of documents from the borrower. These loans are advanced without faxing the details of the borrower.

Prior to the internet, borrowers wishing to obtain loans had to physically visit locations with all their documents to initiate the loan process. But now getting a payday loan without faxing the required documents is the easiest thing ever. The process for loan application for faxless payday loans is an easy, reliable and quick process. All the borrower needs to do is fill in the application form stating his personal information like name, address, contact number etc along with his bank account details. The application form is processed and verified and the loan amount is later transferred to the borrower's bank account in a few days. The repayment period is short and ranges from 14 to 31 days. This period can be extended though with the consent of the lender. An e-mail reminder is sent to the borrower before the loan is due for payment. The borrowers are given an option to choose their payment option just before the due date. For the customers sake and convenience the amount is debited from their bank accounts. These loans are granted without undergoing a credit check and hence people with bad credit can also avail for these loans.

Cheque book loans-Quick way out of financial crisis

At the time of financial emergency, when you do not have any other source of fetching funds, you should go for cheque book loans. These loans provide you instant money against your cheque book. There is no need pledging any other expensive or valuable item against the loan amount. Your cheque book will be considered as collateral security. With the help of these loans, all your short-term requirements can be easily fulfilled. When you are facing financial crisis in life, just go for these loans.

Cheque book loans are provided to you for the amount ranging from 100 dollars to 1500 dollars. With this loan amount, you can fulfill small demands of daily life. The repayment duration of this financial scheme is of 14 to 31 days. Do make sure to repay in time. Otherwise, the lender will confiscate your cheque book. Because of the short-term nature, these loans carry a high rate of interest with comparison to other normal loans. So, you should ask for only that amount, which is very necessary.

There are some guidelines that are required to be cleared by the borrower, such as:
• The borrower must be a permanent citizen of US
• He/she must have attained the age of 18
• He/she must have a regular source of income with a steady income of at least 1000 dollars per month
• He/she must possess a valid bank account
These loans can be easily obtained via internet. With the online means, you can get cash without any delay within a daytime. You just need to fill a simple e-form and the loan will be granted to you instantly by the lender.

These loans are also available for the bad creditors. These loans are absolutely credit check free. You can fetch these loans even if you are holding arrears or defaults.

Mortgage Rates Predictions - What the Charts Are Telling Us

Mortgage rates have a lot to do with how well the economy is performing. When mortgage rates go up, people can no longer afford to invest money in new properties. This, of course, brings a slow down to the building trade and it also means less money will be flowing through the economy.

On the other hand, when mortgage rates go down, more people are able to buy homes. The further down rates fall, the lower the income needed to buy homes. When homes are being bought, the building trade flourishes and this stimulates the economy in many ways.

Remember high interest rates?

It's been 20 years since we've seen double-digit mortgage interest rates. Going back to the late '70s and early '80s, double-digit mortgage rates were the norm. It wasn't until about 1985 after the Reagan administration had put an end to stagflation and the misery index that haunted the Carter years, that mortgage rates found buoyancy at around 7%.

Since that time, mortgage rates have fluctuated between 9% and about 5.5%. All in all, it has been a long stable interest rate environment that we have enjoyed over these past years.

Higher or lower?

Now, the question is where do interest rates go from here. By reading the charts, we will attempt to predict their future movement, just as if we were reading the commodities charts to get a handle on which way the price of soybeans were headed. Then, we're going to make a prediction about another commodity that is sure to be shocking!

At this time, it is wise to make a disclaimer. First, no one can truly predict the future and second, any world event can change what the future looks like now in a heartbeat. Also, you can't overlook the fact these unforeseen world events can happen out of the blue. With that behind us, let's take a look at charts.

The past 18 years

Throughout the '90s, interest rates on 30-year fixed mortgages ranged between 9% and 7%. At the time George W. Bush took office, the average 30-year mortgage rate was 8.75 %. From here, it eased downward steadily through the first George W. Bush term. It actually hit a low of 4.75% in late 2003. Here, interest rates ranged between 6.5% and about 5.5% for the next 3 years. This was an uncommonly stable interest rate environment and it was one of the reasons the housing market became red hot, and yes, overbought.

In 2006, the trend broke above 5.5% to about 6.5%, but rates never went any higher. Now, the interest rates are hovering around six percent and trending downward.

Reading the charts

The technical trader, that is, one who trades commodities by reading charts, would certainly believe interest rates, since they are heading downward, would have to once again test the low of 4.75%. It will be important to see if a double bottom is made at 4.75%. If this bottom is made, interest rates will go up.

Because of underlying fundamentals of the market, for instance the Fed trying to lower interest rates to stimulate the housing market, it seems much more likely interest rates will break through the 4.75% low once they arrive there. If they do, a new downward trend will be on the way. Just how much lower interest rates could get, is anybody's guess. However, it certainly isn't out of the question we could see 4% 30-year fixed mortgage rates sometime before this downward trend ends.

4%!

Historically speaking, 4% is a very low interest rate, but at this time it truly looks like we are much more apt to see 4% than a higher number, like 7%. So, for what it's worth, this is my prediction. We will see the interest rate on a fixed 30-year mortgage somewhere down around 4% before an inflationary aspect of the economy takes over.

Where you think this inflationary aspect will come from? Well, here is another prediction and you may find it more astounding than the first one!

The impossible dream

It's all over for the crude oil rally. Crude oil is overbought! There is no reason for crude oil to be trading above $100 a barrel. Like the tech stock boom of the '90s and the housing market bubble of a couple years ago, it is a rally that cannot be sustained forever!

It's anybody's guess as to what the true market value of crude oil is right now. However, to think it is somewhere between $50 and $60 a barrel would be logical. However, when prices fall they tend to go through the true market value before they float back up to it.

If this crude oil market bubble burst follows the same modus operandi normal market bubble bursts follow, I can't see why it is impossible to see $35 a barrel crude oil again; at least for a little while.

What would this mean for the price of gas? Maybe $1.49 a gallon? Well this may seem totally out of whack with what we're hearing constantly coming from our news reports day and night, don't think it can't happen.

Back to reality

Certainly, there will be a time when $100 will not be too high a price for a barrel of crude oil. There will come a time when $3.50 is not too much for a gallon of gas. However, the charts are telling us that time is not here yet.

So, cheap gas, like the JFK, Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush tax cuts will stimulate the economy, and like the Bill Clinton Tariff agreements, it will make the cost of living lower which will make more goods affordable to the public. These things, though healthy for the economy, will bring on some inflation and this will break the interest rate downtrend.

I know these predictions seem pretty goofy and maybe they are! Still, my strategy is to believe they will happen and if they don't, at least I'll be happy believing them for now. Then again, if they do happen, we'll all be happy!

No Credit Check Loan 5000

No Credit Check Loan 5000 is provided to the borrowers who have bad credit history. Borrowers who have bad credit history and want to avail the loan then apply hassle free for the no credit check loans 5000. The advantage of the no credit check loans 5000 is that you have an option to get the $5000 without placing the collateral as a security. In other words persons who are struggling from bad and adverse credit issues like defaults, arrears, late-payments, bankruptcy, County Court Judgment (CCJ) and any kind of like this, can avail the no credit check loans 5000. for no credit check loans 5000 you must be more than 18 years of your age, you must have an active checking account at least 6 months old, you salary must be more than $1000 monthly. If all the requirements are in your hand then no credit check loans 5000is in your current account. You have many options to use no credit check loans as pay the small borrowed cash, plan for the dream vacation, pay the medical bills or any other large bills, and arrange a party for any occasion at home or in the hotel. The interest rates are attractive and are deliberately meant to be borrowed by all. The constant flow of banks and other loan lending institutions have developed an atmosphere of competition. The main objective of No Credit Check Loan 5000 is to revive the credit and brushing up on the projects. It is a scheme that can be procured by anyone. Therefore, taking the guidelines and financial aid of no credit check loans 5000 can build up your credit rating stronger. Borrower can use the amount to elevate the credit score. This can be done by paying back all the existing debts by consolidating them. With a good credit record, it will permit the borrower to avail future finances at comfortable rates. While availing no credit check loans 5000, borrower must look for lenders who offer No Credit Check Loan 5000 at competitive rates. This can be done by using the online mode. Because applying the online is the time saving option you are to completed all the formalities online. The lenders who are providing the No Credit Check Loan 5000 are attached with internet. There is another advantage of applying online; it results in instant approval of the borrowed amount. Borrower should ensure to repay the amount, otherwise it may cause further debt problems.

Illinois Foreclosure Law

Only Judicial foreclosures are allowed in state of Illinois.

What is the processing period for foreclosure Illinois?
Processing period is 210 days in Illinois.

Is there any right of redemption in Illinois for foreclosure?
No, Illinois does not offer right of redemption.

Are deficiency judgments permitted in Illinois?
Deficiency judgments are permitted in Illinois.

Which law provision governs foreclosure in Illinois?
It is found in 735 ILCS 5/Art XV.

What happens during Judicial Foreclosure in Illinois?
First lender needs to send a notice to the borrower at least 30 days before the courts judgment of foreclosure. If court agrees with lender, it issues notice of sale with terms and condition of the sale. It should meet the minimum standard provided in the Illinois Statutes. The notice should be published in legal and real estate section of local newspaper once a week for three weeks. The last notice should be published minimum 7 days before the sale. The sale is conducted by the sheriff or any judge within the county where the property is located.

What happens during the Deed in Lieu of Foreclosure?
In this type of foreclosure, borrower simply has to give deed to the lender and his interests in the property securing the deed will be terminated. If lender accepts the deed, no deficiency judgments can be issued against the borrower afterwards.

What happens during the consent foreclosure?
In this type of foreclosure, court gives a judgment by which lender gets all rights related to title of the property. After this type of foreclosure, lender should not file for a deficiency judgment.
This is legal information; it should not be treated as legal advice.

How Do I Calculate Finance Charges?

Having some knowledge of how to calculate finance charges is always a good thing. Most lenders, as you know, will do this for you, but it can helpful to be able to check the math yourself. It is important, however, to understand that what is presented here is a basic procedure for calculating finance charges and your lender may be using a more complicated method. There may also be other issues attached with your loan which may affect the charges.

The first thing to understand is that there are two basic parts to a loan. The first issue is called the principal. This is the amount of money that is borrowed. The lender wants to make a profit for his services (lending you the money) and this is called interest. There are many types of interest from simple to variable. This article will examine simple interest calculations.

In simple interest deals, the amount of the interest (expressed as a percentage) does not change over the life of the loan. This is often called flat rate or fixed interest.

The simple interest formula is as follows:

Interest = Principal × Rate × Time

Interest is the total amount of interest paid.

Principal is the amount lent or borrowed.

Rate is the percentage of the principal charged as interest each year.

To do your math, the rate must be expressed as a decimal, so percentages must be divided by 100. For example, if the rate is 18%, then use 18/100 or 0.18 in the formula.

Time is the time in years of the loan.

The simple interest formula is often abbreviated:

I = P R T

Simple interest math problems can be used for borrowing or for lending. The same formulas are used in both cases.

When money is borrowed, the total amount to be paid back equals the principal borrowed plus the interest charge:

Total repayments = principal + interest

Usually the money is paid back in regular installments, either monthly or weekly. To calculate the regular payment amount, you divide the total amount to be repaid by the number of months (or weeks) of the loan.

To convert the loan period, 'T', from years to months, you multiply it by 12. To convert 'T' to weeks, you multiply by 52, since there are 52 weeks in a year.

Here is an example problem to illustrate how this works.

Example:

A single mother purchases a used car by obtaining a simple interest loan. The car costs $1500, and the interest rate that she is being charged on the loan is 12%. The car loan is to be paid back in weekly installments over a period of 2 years. Here is how you answer these questions:

1. What is the amount of interest paid over the 2 years?

2. What is the total amount to be paid back?

3. What is the weekly payment amount?

You were given: principal: 'P' = $1500, interest rate: 'R' = 12% = 0.12, repayment time: 'T' = 2 years.

Step 1: Find the amount of interest paid.

Interest: 'I' = PRT

= 1500 × 0.12 × 2

= $360

Step 2: Find the total amount to be paid back.

Total repayments = principal + interest

= $1500 + $360

= $1860

Step 3: Calculate the weekly payment amount.

Weekly payment amount = total repayments divided by loan period, T, in weeks. In this case, $1860 divided by 104 weeks equals $17.88 per week.

Calculating simple finance charges is easy once you have done some practice with the formulas.

Ten Preliminary Steps You Should Take Before Writing a Business Plan

Writing a business plan can be a daunting task. Therefore, it is to your advantage to take time to prepare by following 10 preliminary steps:

1. Ask yourself why you are writing a business plan. Is it to raise capital or as a guide for running the business?

2. List your goals for starting the business and where you envision the business in three to five years.

3. Clearly define your target audience.

4. Write a table of contents so you’ll know exactly which sections you need to research and find data to support.

5. Make a list of the data you need to research. For example, you need statistics on your demographic audience, your competition, the market, and so on.

6. List research sources that will be most helpful, such as Hoovers, D&B, or AllBusiness.com.

7. List your management team. If you are unsure of someone's availability, this is the time to determine whether or not they are on board. Gather biographical data on each person. Check out Spotlighting Key Personnel in Your Business Plan for details on what information you should include.

8. Start compiling all of your key financial documents. You can determine later which ones you will use in the business plan.

9. Read sample business plans. Since countless business plans have preceded yours, there is no need to reinvent the wheel. Look for business plans for businesses most similar to yours as a prototype to guide you. You can also talk to other business owners who have written plans before and seek out their expertise.

10. Determine which software program you will use to write your plan. You can use anything from a basic word-processing program to business-plan software. You need to use that which best suits your needs and level of comfort. See Use Software Programs to Write Your Business Plan for more information.

Top 10 Tips for Writing Your Business Plan

As you develop your business plan, it's easy to make mistakes or leave out important elements. Here are a few of the most common business planning pitfalls and some tips on how to avoid them:

1. Create a vision. It's tempting to roll up your sleeves and plunge right into the details of your business: evaluating products, studying market segments, and sizing up your competition. Yet it's possible to get so caught up in the process of planning a business that you lose sight of what you're planning for.

Before you get lost in the details, take a step back. Outline a clear vision and a coherent set of values for your company. Develop a mission statement and use it to define short-term goals and priorities. Once you have a clear road map for your business, you can plan your journey with more confidence.

2. A budget isn't the same thing as a plan. You can't create a solid business plan without a budget and a financial forecast. But a budget should be the product of all the other elements in your plan. If you don't have a clear picture of your industry, customers, competitors, and market conditions before you develop a budget, your numbers aren't likely to reflect reality.

3. Don't ignore your customers. This may sound obvious, but too many entrepreneurs assume they know exactly what their customers need without bothering to ask. Take the time to learn about your customers, and build your business plan around their needs and desires.

4. Don't shortchange the competition. If you assume your firm will be the only game in town or if you fail to take existing competitors seriously, you're asking for trouble. Your competitors can be a great source of information about what works and what doesn't.

5. Be prepared to take risks. Creating a business plan isn't about avoiding risk; it's about understanding and managing risk. That's why a good business plan anticipates possible challenges and includes a variety of scenarios for meeting those challenges. There's a difference between a calculated risk and recklessness, and your plan can help you make that distinction.

6. Get a second (or third) opinion. The most experienced entrepreneur can still benefit from a different point of view. Even if you're the only person involved in your business, find someone who can study your plan objectively and point out possible weaknesses you might have missed.

7. Expect the unexpected. Every business plan needs some wiggle room to allow for unexpected changes. Part of this involves creating budgets and marketing plans with some built-in flexibility; but adapting to change also requires you to accept that you might have to modify or even abandon business practices that worked well in the past.

8. Don't forget what makes you unique. A cookie-cutter business plan might help you get started, but it won't help you succeed. And while it helps to look at your competitors, don't model your business after them. After all, you're in business to beat the competition. Learn from your competitors' strengths, but also learn how to spot their weaknesses and use them to improve your own business plan.

9. What's the point? Building a business involves hard work and struggle. But it should also include a clear set of rewards, both for you and your employees. When you set goals in your business plan, include some concrete motivation that goes beyond the satisfaction of a job well done.

10. Don't skip the plan! Of course, the biggest mistake of all is failing to create a business plan in the first place. Planning is hard work, and there's no guarantee it will make your business succeed. But a good plan is still the best way to turn your vision into a realistic, coherent business.

Payday Cash Advances – Instant Online Payday loans

People requiring urgent money have options, some consider these ones highly-priced but if you need money now, and you need it badly, there are no reasons that can stop you if you need to resolve an emergency by today.

The necessity for fast cash or an advance on an upcoming paycheque is rather a common one. Numerous people do not enjoy having to jump through all manner of paperwork related hoops by a standard bank. A few of these people at the same time don’t have time or access to a brick and mortar cash loan financial office. Luckily for him or her the web has increased the payday loan lending niche. This means that one can find many hundreds, if they are not 1000?s, of conveniently located providers as well as websites online that supply advance loan services through only one or two mouse clicks of the keyboard.

Consequently, if you want dollars the rapid way then you have several alternatives, it’s just matter of executing the due research as well as fill out an application with a direct payday loan lender which can provide you with an immediate acceptance regardless of your credit standing. Meaning in this particular case that a bad credit score doesn’t play any kind of role, as matter of fact these types of instant on-line payday loans need absolutely no credit check.

The only prerequisites for obtaining a payday loan is the existence of a bank account up to date that the person has in their own personal name plus some manner of evidence that they obtain an ongoing revenue. From time to time the evidence of salary isn’t a requirement so much as signing a document online proclaiming the fact that the total amount the consumer claims as their earnings are legitimate and so they aren’t fraudulently stepping into this particular deal.

The particular process associated with obtaining these online loans is pretty simple and easy and comes in three steps. The first step consists of locating a reputable loan provider. Step two entails trying to get the money. Third step involves patiently waiting for the cash. Very few cash loan lenders refuse to provide cash to any individual that can prove they’ve got both salary along with a banking account up to date. The quick pace of making an application for consequently obtaining these loans cannot be stressed enough.

Nonetheless, it is wise to make use of payday loans simply for emergencies and some very good reasons, as they are certainly a pricey alternative compared with other kind of short term installment loans.

Note: by researching and comparing the best cash advance lenders in the market, you will determine the one offering the cheaper interest rates. Save money on commissions by going direct.

You are very welcome to visit the Cash Advance Lenders website – where you can get an instant approval cash advance regardless of your credit.

10 Easy Ways To Get Rich During a Recession

As bad as the economy is right now, there are still fortunes to be made out there.

The only problem is, most of them involve hard work, persistence, good money management skills, and will probably take so long that you will run out of patience before you become wealthy.

Why not find the easy way to riches? Here are 10 easy ways you can still get rich in today’s troubled economy, without much effort.

1.) Win the Lottery or Powerball- Sure the Powerball odds seem long at 1 in 195,249,054, but somebody has to win, right? Why not you?

2.) Inherit Your Riches-This is a real easy way to get rich. If no one in your immediate family likes you enough to leave you a ton of dough, look for a long lost aunt, uncle or distant cousin to fill the “rich relative” spot. You may have to be nice to them, though.

3.) Enter and win the Publisher’s Clearing House Sweepstakes- I think this contest is still going on, but I am not really sure. All you have to do is order a few magazines, and the next thing you know, the publisher’s clearing house van could show up at your house to let you know you’ve won.

4.) Flip Houses- Just because the real estate market has crashed over the last year or so doesn’t mean a smart person like you can’t make a fortune flipping house for profit. Have you seen some of the people on the TV shows that do it? Surely you can do better than them.

5.) Multi-Level Marketing- What easier way to make a lot of money than to have a whole army of people out there working hard so you reap the profits. All you need to do is find that army of people, and sit back and collect your percentage of all of their hard work.

6.) Win American Idol- How hard can it be? Have you seen some of the people on the show? Surely you can sing better than some of them. If you win American Idol, you are almost guaranteed a recording contract that will lead to fame and fortune.

7.) Stop paying taxes- Heck, half the people nominated for cabinet positions, including the current Secretary of the Treasury, Timothy Geithner, didn’t pay taxes for a while. Sure, they got caught, but only because they were applying for such high proflie positions. The IRS probably won’t waste its time on a small fish like you or me.

8.) Become a politician- It may not pay that well while your in office (at least above the table), but once your term is over, you are almost guaranteed a cush job with some corporation or board of directors due to your government ties and influence. Some ex-presidents make $100k per speech or more!

9.) Sue the Government- It doesn’t matter if it is the state or federal government, one of them must have done something wrong to you. File a lawsuit, hire a lawyer, and after spending several years tied up in litigation, you may just hit it big.

10.) Marry someone who is already rich- Sure, some people might call it “gold digging” , but who doesn’t like gold? If you can’t make a fortune yourself, find someone who already has one, and mooch off of them by marrying them.

Armed with these ideas, it should take you no time to get out there and get rich.